feat: Phase A backend — notes CRUD, detail endpoints, dashboard fix

- Create kanzlai.notes table (polymorphic FK with CHECK constraint,
  partial indexes, RLS)
- Add Note model, NoteService (ListByParent, Create, Update, Delete),
  and NoteHandler with endpoints: GET/POST /api/notes, PUT/DELETE /api/notes/{id}
- Add GET /api/deadlines/{deadlineID} detail endpoint
- Add GET /api/appointments/{id} detail endpoint
- Add GET /api/case-events/{id} detail endpoint (new CaseEventHandler)
- Fix dashboard query: add case_id to upcoming_deadlines SELECT,
  add id and case_id to recent_activity SELECT
- Register all new routes in router.go

backend/internal/services/dashboard_service.go

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ type UpcomingDeadline struct {
 	ID         uuid.UUID `json:"id" db:"id"`
 	Title      string    `json:"title" db:"title"`
 	DueDate    string    `json:"due_date" db:"due_date"`
+	CaseID     uuid.UUID `json:"case_id" db:"case_id"`
 	CaseNumber string    `json:"case_number" db:"case_number"`
 	CaseTitle  string    `json:"case_title" db:"case_title"`
 	Status     string    `json:"status" db:"status"`
@@ -56,8 +57,10 @@ type UpcomingAppointment struct {
 }
 
 type RecentActivity struct {
+	ID         uuid.UUID  `json:"id" db:"id"`
 	EventType  *string    `json:"event_type" db:"event_type"`
 	Title      string     `json:"title" db:"title"`
+	CaseID     uuid.UUID  `json:"case_id" db:"case_id"`
 	CaseNumber string     `json:"case_number" db:"case_number"`
 	EventDate  *time.Time `json:"event_date" db:"event_date"`
 }
@@ -109,7 +112,7 @@ func (s *DashboardService) Get(ctx context.Context, tenantID uuid.UUID) (*Dashbo
 
 	// Upcoming deadlines (next 7 days)
 	deadlineQuery := `
-		SELECT d.id, d.title, d.due_date, c.case_number, c.title AS case_title, d.status
+		SELECT d.id, d.title, d.due_date, d.case_id, c.case_number, c.title AS case_title, d.status
 		FROM deadlines d
 		JOIN cases c ON c.id = d.case_id AND c.tenant_id = d.tenant_id
 		WHERE d.tenant_id = $1 AND d.status = 'pending' AND d.due_date >= $2 AND d.due_date <= $3
@@ -135,7 +138,7 @@ func (s *DashboardService) Get(ctx context.Context, tenantID uuid.UUID) (*Dashbo
 
 	// Recent activity (last 10 case events)
 	activityQuery := `
-		SELECT ce.event_type, ce.title, c.case_number, ce.event_date
+		SELECT ce.id, ce.event_type, ce.title, ce.case_id, c.case_number, ce.event_date
 		FROM case_events ce
 		JOIN cases c ON c.id = ce.case_id AND c.tenant_id = ce.tenant_id
 		WHERE ce.tenant_id = $1