feat: append-only audit trail for all mutations (P0)

- Database: kanzlai.audit_log table with RLS, append-only policies
  (no UPDATE/DELETE), indexes for entity, user, and time queries
- Backend: AuditService.Log() with context-based tenant/user/IP/UA
  extraction, wired into all 7 services (case, deadline, appointment,
  document, note, party, tenant)
- API: GET /api/audit-log with entity_type, entity_id, user_id,
  from/to date, and pagination filters
- Frontend: Protokoll tab on case detail page with chronological
  audit entries, diff preview, and pagination

Required by § 50 BRAO and DSGVO Art. 5(2).

backend/internal/services/appointment_service.go

@@ -12,11 +12,12 @@ import (
 )
 
 type AppointmentService struct {
-	db *sqlx.DB
+	db    *sqlx.DB
+	audit *AuditService
 }
 
-func NewAppointmentService(db *sqlx.DB) *AppointmentService {
-	return &AppointmentService{db: db}
+func NewAppointmentService(db *sqlx.DB, audit *AuditService) *AppointmentService {
+	return &AppointmentService{db: db, audit: audit}
 }
 
 type AppointmentFilter struct {
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ func (s *AppointmentService) Create(ctx context.Context, a *models.Appointment)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("creating appointment: %w", err)
 	}
+	s.audit.Log(ctx, "create", "appointment", &a.ID, nil, a)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -116,6 +118,7 @@ func (s *AppointmentService) Update(ctx context.Context, a *models.Appointment)
 	if rows == 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("appointment not found")
 	}
+	s.audit.Log(ctx, "update", "appointment", &a.ID, nil, a)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -131,5 +134,6 @@ func (s *AppointmentService) Delete(ctx context.Context, tenantID, id uuid.UUID)
 	if rows == 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("appointment not found")
 	}
+	s.audit.Log(ctx, "delete", "appointment", &id, nil, nil)
 	return nil
 }