feat: add dashboard aggregation endpoint (Phase 2I)

GET /api/dashboard returns aggregated data:
- deadline_summary: overdue, due this/next week, ok counts
- case_summary: active, new this month, closed counts
- upcoming_deadlines: next 7 days with case info
- upcoming_appointments: next 7 days
- recent_activity: last 10 case events

Uses efficient CTE query for summaries. Also fixes duplicate
writeJSON/writeError declarations in appointments handler.

backend/internal/handlers/appointments.go

@@ -203,14 +203,3 @@ func (h *AppointmentHandler) Delete(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
 }
 
-func writeJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, status int, v any) {
-	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-	w.WriteHeader(status)
-	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(v)
-}
-
-func writeError(w http.ResponseWriter, status int, msg string) {
-	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-	w.WriteHeader(status)
-	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]string{"error": msg})
-}