feat: UI polish — responsive, loading/empty/error states, German fixes (Phase 3Q)

- Responsive sidebar: collapses on mobile with hamburger menu, slide-in animation
- Skeleton loaders: dashboard cards, case table, case detail page
- Empty states: friendly messages with icons for cases, deadlines, parties, documents
- Error states: retry button on dashboard, proper error message on case not found
- Form validation: inline error messages on case creation form
- German language: fix all missing umlauts (Zurück, wählen, Anhängig, Verfügung, etc.)
- Status labels: display German translations instead of raw status values
- Transitions: fade-in animations on page load, hover/transition-colors on all interactive elements
- Focus states: focus-visible ring for keyboard accessibility
- Mobile layout: stacking for filters, forms, tabs; horizontal scroll for tables
- Extraction results: card layout on mobile, table on desktop
- Missing types: add DashboardData, DeadlineSummary, CaseSummary, ExtractedDeadline etc.
- Fix QuickActions links to use correct routes (/cases/new, /ai/extract)
- Consistent input focus styles across all forms

frontend/src/app/(app)/ai/extract/page.tsx

@@ -90,14 +90,14 @@ export default function AIExtractPage() {
 
       await Promise.all(promises);
       toast.success(
-        `${deadlines.length} Frist(en) erfolgreich uebernommen.`,
+        `${deadlines.length} Frist(en) erfolgreich übernommen.`,
       );
-      router.push(`/akten/${selectedCaseId}`);
+      router.push(`/cases/${selectedCaseId}`);
     } catch (err: unknown) {
       const message =
         err && typeof err === "object" && "error" in err
           ? (err as { error: string }).error
-          : "Uebernahme fehlgeschlagen";
+          : "Übernahme fehlgeschlagen";
       toast.error(message);
     } finally {
       setIsAdopting(false);
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ export default function AIExtractPage() {
   }
 
   return (
-    <div className="mx-auto max-w-4xl">
+    <div className="animate-fade-in mx-auto max-w-4xl">
       <div className="mb-6 flex items-center gap-3">
         <Brain className="h-5 w-5 text-neutral-500" />
         <div>
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ export default function AIExtractPage() {
         </div>
       </div>
 
-      <div className="rounded-lg border border-neutral-200 bg-white p-6">
+      <div className="rounded-lg border border-neutral-200 bg-white p-4 sm:p-6">
         <ExtractionForm
           cases={cases}
           selectedCaseId={selectedCaseId}
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ export default function AIExtractPage() {
       </div>
 
       {results !== null && (
-        <div className="mt-6 rounded-lg border border-neutral-200 bg-white p-6">
+        <div className="animate-fade-in mt-6 rounded-lg border border-neutral-200 bg-white p-4 sm:p-6">
           <ExtractionResults
             deadlines={results}
             onAdopt={handleAdopt}

frontend/src/app/(app)/cases/[id]/page.tsx

@@ -6,11 +6,19 @@ import { api } from "@/lib/api";
 import type { Case, CaseEvent, Party, Deadline, Document } from "@/lib/types";
 import { CaseTimeline } from "@/components/cases/CaseTimeline";
 import { PartyList } from "@/components/cases/PartyList";
-import { ArrowLeft, Clock, FileText, Users, Activity } from "lucide-react";
+import {
+  ArrowLeft,
+  Clock,
+  FileText,
+  Users,
+  Activity,
+  AlertTriangle,
+} from "lucide-react";
 import { format } from "date-fns";
 import { de } from "date-fns/locale";
 import Link from "next/link";
 import { useState } from "react";
+import { Skeleton } from "@/components/ui/Skeleton";
 
 interface CaseDetail extends Case {
   parties: Party[];
@@ -25,6 +33,13 @@ const STATUS_BADGE: Record<string, string> = {
   archived: "bg-neutral-100 text-neutral-400",
 };
 
+const STATUS_LABEL: Record<string, string> = {
+  active: "Aktiv",
+  pending: "Anhängig",
+  closed: "Geschlossen",
+  archived: "Archiviert",
+};
+
 const TABS = [
   { key: "timeline", label: "Verlauf", icon: Activity },
   { key: "deadlines", label: "Fristen", icon: Clock },
@@ -34,11 +49,43 @@ const TABS = [
 
 type TabKey = (typeof TABS)[number]["key"];
 
+function CaseDetailSkeleton() {
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <Skeleton className="h-4 w-28" />
+      <div className="mt-4 flex items-start justify-between">
+        <div>
+          <Skeleton className="h-6 w-48" />
+          <Skeleton className="mt-2 h-4 w-64" />
+        </div>
+        <div className="space-y-1">
+          <Skeleton className="h-3 w-24" />
+          <Skeleton className="h-3 w-24" />
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div className="mt-6 flex gap-4 border-b border-neutral-200 pb-2.5">
+        {[1, 2, 3, 4].map((i) => (
+          <Skeleton key={i} className="h-4 w-20" />
+        ))}
+      </div>
+      <div className="mt-6 space-y-3">
+        {[1, 2, 3].map((i) => (
+          <Skeleton key={i} className="h-14 rounded-md" />
+        ))}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
 export default function CaseDetailPage() {
   const { id } = useParams<{ id: string }>();
   const [activeTab, setActiveTab] = useState<TabKey>("timeline");
 
-  const { data: caseDetail, isLoading } = useQuery({
+  const {
+    data: caseDetail,
+    isLoading,
+    error,
+  } = useQuery({
     queryKey: ["case", id],
     queryFn: () => api.get<CaseDetail>(`/cases/${id}`),
   });
@@ -59,17 +106,28 @@ export default function CaseDetailPage() {
   });
 
   if (isLoading) {
-    return (
-      <div className="py-12 text-center text-sm text-neutral-400">
-        Laden...
-      </div>
-    );
+    return <CaseDetailSkeleton />;
   }
 
-  if (!caseDetail) {
+  if (error || !caseDetail) {
     return (
-      <div className="py-12 text-center text-sm text-neutral-400">
-        Akte nicht gefunden.
+      <div className="py-12 text-center">
+        <div className="mx-auto mb-3 w-fit rounded-xl bg-red-50 p-3">
+          <AlertTriangle className="h-6 w-6 text-red-500" />
+        </div>
+        <p className="text-sm font-medium text-neutral-900">
+          Akte nicht gefunden
+        </p>
+        <p className="mt-1 text-sm text-neutral-500">
+          Die Akte existiert nicht oder Sie haben keine Berechtigung.
+        </p>
+        <Link
+          href="/cases"
+          className="mt-4 inline-flex items-center gap-1 text-sm text-neutral-500 transition-colors hover:text-neutral-700"
+        >
+          <ArrowLeft className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
+          Zurück zu Akten
+        </Link>
       </div>
     );
   }
@@ -78,28 +136,28 @@ export default function CaseDetailPage() {
   const documents = documentsData ?? [];
 
   return (
-    <div>
+    <div className="animate-fade-in">
       <Link
         href="/cases"
-        className="mb-4 inline-flex items-center gap-1 text-sm text-neutral-500 hover:text-neutral-700"
+        className="mb-4 inline-flex items-center gap-1 text-sm text-neutral-500 transition-colors hover:text-neutral-700"
       >
         <ArrowLeft className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-        Zuruck zu Akten
+        Zurück zu Akten
       </Link>
 
-      <div className="flex items-start justify-between">
+      <div className="flex flex-col gap-3 sm:flex-row sm:items-start sm:justify-between">
         <div>
-          <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
+          <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-3">
             <h1 className="text-lg font-semibold text-neutral-900">
               {caseDetail.title}
             </h1>
             <span
               className={`inline-block rounded-full px-2 py-0.5 text-xs font-medium ${STATUS_BADGE[caseDetail.status] ?? "bg-neutral-100 text-neutral-500"}`}
             >
-              {caseDetail.status}
+              {STATUS_LABEL[caseDetail.status] ?? caseDetail.status}
             </span>
           </div>
-          <div className="mt-1 flex gap-4 text-sm text-neutral-500">
+          <div className="mt-1 flex flex-wrap gap-x-4 gap-y-1 text-sm text-neutral-500">
             <span>Az. {caseDetail.case_number}</span>
             {caseDetail.case_type && <span>{caseDetail.case_type}</span>}
             {caseDetail.court && <span>{caseDetail.court}</span>}
@@ -129,12 +187,12 @@ export default function CaseDetailPage() {
       )}
 
       <div className="mt-6 border-b border-neutral-200">
-        <nav className="-mb-px flex gap-4">
+        <nav className="-mb-px flex gap-1 overflow-x-auto sm:gap-4">
           {TABS.map((tab) => (
             <button
               key={tab.key}
               onClick={() => setActiveTab(tab.key)}
-              className={`inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 border-b-2 px-1 pb-2.5 text-sm font-medium transition-colors ${
+              className={`inline-flex shrink-0 items-center gap-1.5 border-b-2 px-1 pb-2.5 text-sm font-medium transition-colors ${
                 activeTab === tab.key
                   ? "border-neutral-900 text-neutral-900"
                   : "border-transparent text-neutral-400 hover:text-neutral-600"
@@ -181,9 +239,14 @@ export default function CaseDetailPage() {
 function DeadlinesList({ deadlines }: { deadlines: Deadline[] }) {
   if (deadlines.length === 0) {
     return (
-      <p className="py-8 text-center text-sm text-neutral-400">
-        Keine Fristen vorhanden.
-      </p>
+      <div className="flex flex-col items-center py-8 text-center">
+        <div className="rounded-xl bg-neutral-100 p-3">
+          <Clock className="h-5 w-5 text-neutral-400" />
+        </div>
+        <p className="mt-2 text-sm text-neutral-500">
+          Keine Fristen vorhanden.
+        </p>
+      </div>
     );
   }
 
@@ -193,12 +256,18 @@ function DeadlinesList({ deadlines }: { deadlines: Deadline[] }) {
     overdue: "bg-red-50 text-red-700",
   };
 
+  const DEADLINE_STATUS_LABEL: Record<string, string> = {
+    pending: "Offen",
+    completed: "Erledigt",
+    overdue: "Überfällig",
+  };
+
   return (
     <div className="space-y-2">
       {deadlines.map((d) => (
         <div
           key={d.id}
-          className="flex items-center justify-between rounded-md border border-neutral-200 bg-white px-4 py-3"
+          className="flex flex-col gap-2 rounded-md border border-neutral-200 bg-white px-4 py-3 sm:flex-row sm:items-center sm:justify-between"
         >
           <div>
             <p className="text-sm font-medium text-neutral-900">{d.title}</p>
@@ -212,9 +281,9 @@ function DeadlinesList({ deadlines }: { deadlines: Deadline[] }) {
             <span
               className={`rounded-full px-2 py-0.5 text-xs font-medium ${DEADLINE_STATUS[d.status] ?? "bg-neutral-100 text-neutral-500"}`}
             >
-              {d.status}
+              {DEADLINE_STATUS_LABEL[d.status] ?? d.status}
             </span>
-            <span className="text-sm text-neutral-500">
+            <span className="whitespace-nowrap text-sm text-neutral-500">
               {format(new Date(d.due_date), "d. MMM yyyy", { locale: de })}
             </span>
           </div>
@@ -227,9 +296,14 @@ function DeadlinesList({ deadlines }: { deadlines: Deadline[] }) {
 function DocumentsList({ documents }: { documents: Document[] }) {
   if (documents.length === 0) {
     return (
-      <p className="py-8 text-center text-sm text-neutral-400">
-        Keine Dokumente vorhanden.
-      </p>
+      <div className="flex flex-col items-center py-8 text-center">
+        <div className="rounded-xl bg-neutral-100 p-3">
+          <FileText className="h-5 w-5 text-neutral-400" />
+        </div>
+        <p className="mt-2 text-sm text-neutral-500">
+          Keine Dokumente vorhanden.
+        </p>
+      </div>
     );
   }
 
@@ -256,7 +330,7 @@ function DocumentsList({ documents }: { documents: Document[] }) {
           </div>
           <a
             href={`/api/documents/${doc.id}`}
-            className="text-sm text-neutral-500 hover:text-neutral-700"
+            className="text-sm text-neutral-500 transition-colors hover:text-neutral-700"
           >
             Herunterladen
           </a>

frontend/src/app/(app)/cases/new/page.tsx

@@ -26,19 +26,19 @@ export default function NewCasePage() {
   });
 
   return (
-    <div className="mx-auto max-w-2xl">
+    <div className="animate-fade-in mx-auto max-w-2xl">
       <Link
         href="/cases"
-        className="mb-4 inline-flex items-center gap-1 text-sm text-neutral-500 hover:text-neutral-700"
+        className="mb-4 inline-flex items-center gap-1 text-sm text-neutral-500 transition-colors hover:text-neutral-700"
       >
         <ArrowLeft className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-        Zuruck zu Akten
+        Zurück zu Akten
       </Link>
       <h1 className="text-lg font-semibold text-neutral-900">Neue Akte</h1>
       <p className="mt-0.5 text-sm text-neutral-500">
         Neue Akte im System anlegen
       </p>
-      <div className="mt-6 rounded-md border border-neutral-200 bg-white p-6">
+      <div className="mt-6 rounded-md border border-neutral-200 bg-white p-4 sm:p-6">
         <CaseForm
           onSubmit={(data) => mutation.mutate(data)}
           isSubmitting={mutation.isPending}

frontend/src/app/(app)/cases/page.tsx

@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ import { api } from "@/lib/api";
 import type { Case } from "@/lib/types";
 import Link from "next/link";
 import { useSearchParams, useRouter } from "next/navigation";
-import { Plus, Search } from "lucide-react";
+import { Plus, Search, FolderOpen } from "lucide-react";
 import { useState } from "react";
+import { SkeletonTable } from "@/components/ui/Skeleton";
+import { EmptyState } from "@/components/ui/EmptyState";
 
 const STATUS_OPTIONS = [
   { value: "", label: "Alle Status" },
   { value: "active", label: "Aktiv" },
-  { value: "pending", label: "Anhangig" },
+  { value: "pending", label: "Anhängig" },
   { value: "closed", label: "Geschlossen" },
   { value: "archived", label: "Archiviert" },
 ];
@@ -20,9 +22,9 @@ const TYPE_OPTIONS = [
   { value: "", label: "Alle Typen" },
   { value: "INF", label: "Verletzungsklage" },
   { value: "REV", label: "Widerruf" },
-  { value: "CCR", label: "Einstweilige Verfugung" },
+  { value: "CCR", label: "Einstweilige Verfügung" },
   { value: "APP", label: "Berufung" },
-  { value: "PI", label: "Vorlaufiger Rechtsschutz" },
+  { value: "PI", label: "Vorläufiger Rechtsschutz" },
   { value: "ZPO_CIVIL", label: "ZPO Zivilverfahren" },
 ];
 
@@ -33,6 +35,16 @@ const STATUS_BADGE: Record<string, string> = {
   archived: "bg-neutral-100 text-neutral-400",
 };
 
+const STATUS_LABEL: Record<string, string> = {
+  active: "Aktiv",
+  pending: "Anhängig",
+  closed: "Geschlossen",
+  archived: "Archiviert",
+};
+
+const inputClass =
+  "rounded-md border border-neutral-200 bg-white px-2.5 py-1.5 text-sm outline-none transition-colors focus:border-neutral-400 focus:ring-1 focus:ring-neutral-400";
+
 export default function CasesPage() {
   const router = useRouter();
   const searchParams = useSearchParams();
@@ -59,24 +71,24 @@ export default function CasesPage() {
   const cases = data?.cases ?? [];
 
   return (
-    <div>
-      <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
+    <div className="animate-fade-in">
+      <div className="flex flex-col gap-3 sm:flex-row sm:items-center sm:justify-between">
         <div>
           <h1 className="text-lg font-semibold text-neutral-900">Akten</h1>
           <p className="mt-0.5 text-sm text-neutral-500">
-            {data ? `${data.total} Akten` : "Laden..."}
+            {data ? `${data.total} Akten` : "\u00A0"}
           </p>
         </div>
         <Link
           href="/cases/new"
-          className="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md bg-neutral-900 px-3 py-1.5 text-sm font-medium text-white hover:bg-neutral-800"
+          className="inline-flex w-fit items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md bg-neutral-900 px-3 py-1.5 text-sm font-medium text-white transition-colors hover:bg-neutral-800"
         >
           <Plus className="h-4 w-4" />
           Neue Akte
         </Link>
       </div>
 
-      <div className="mt-4 flex items-center gap-3">
+      <div className="mt-4 flex flex-col gap-3 sm:flex-row sm:items-center">
         <div className="relative flex-1">
           <Search className="absolute left-2.5 top-1/2 h-4 w-4 -translate-y-1/2 text-neutral-400" />
           <input
@@ -84,86 +96,113 @@ export default function CasesPage() {
             placeholder="Suchen nach Aktenzeichen, Titel..."
             value={search}
             onChange={(e) => setSearch(e.target.value)}
-            className="w-full rounded-md border border-neutral-200 bg-white py-1.5 pl-9 pr-3 text-sm outline-none focus:border-neutral-400 focus:ring-1 focus:ring-neutral-400"
+            className={`w-full pl-9 pr-3 ${inputClass}`}
           />
         </div>
-        <select
-          value={status}
-          onChange={(e) => setStatus(e.target.value)}
-          className="rounded-md border border-neutral-200 bg-white px-2.5 py-1.5 text-sm outline-none focus:border-neutral-400"
-        >
-          {STATUS_OPTIONS.map((o) => (
-            <option key={o.value} value={o.value}>
-              {o.label}
-            </option>
-          ))}
-        </select>
-        <select
-          value={type}
-          onChange={(e) => setType(e.target.value)}
-          className="rounded-md border border-neutral-200 bg-white px-2.5 py-1.5 text-sm outline-none focus:border-neutral-400"
-        >
-          {TYPE_OPTIONS.map((o) => (
-            <option key={o.value} value={o.value}>
-              {o.label}
-            </option>
-          ))}
-        </select>
+        <div className="flex gap-3">
+          <select
+            value={status}
+            onChange={(e) => setStatus(e.target.value)}
+            className={inputClass}
+          >
+            {STATUS_OPTIONS.map((o) => (
+              <option key={o.value} value={o.value}>
+                {o.label}
+              </option>
+            ))}
+          </select>
+          <select
+            value={type}
+            onChange={(e) => setType(e.target.value)}
+            className={inputClass}
+          >
+            {TYPE_OPTIONS.map((o) => (
+              <option key={o.value} value={o.value}>
+                {o.label}
+              </option>
+            ))}
+          </select>
+        </div>
       </div>
 
       <div className="mt-4">
         {isLoading ? (
-          <div className="py-12 text-center text-sm text-neutral-400">
-            Laden...
-          </div>
+          <SkeletonTable rows={5} />
         ) : cases.length === 0 ? (
-          <div className="py-12 text-center text-sm text-neutral-400">
-            Keine Akten gefunden.
-          </div>
+          <EmptyState
+            icon={FolderOpen}
+            title="Keine Akten gefunden"
+            description={
+              search || status || type
+                ? "Versuchen Sie andere Suchkriterien."
+                : "Erstellen Sie Ihre erste Akte, um loszulegen."
+            }
+            action={
+              !search && !status && !type ? (
+                <Link
+                  href="/cases/new"
+                  className="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md bg-neutral-900 px-3 py-1.5 text-sm font-medium text-white transition-colors hover:bg-neutral-800"
+                >
+                  <Plus className="h-4 w-4" />
+                  Neue Akte anlegen
+                </Link>
+              ) : undefined
+            }
+          />
         ) : (
-          <div className="overflow-hidden rounded-md border border-neutral-200 bg-white">
-            <table className="w-full text-sm">
-              <thead>
-                <tr className="border-b border-neutral-100 text-left text-xs font-medium uppercase tracking-wider text-neutral-400">
-                  <th className="px-4 py-2.5">Aktenzeichen</th>
-                  <th className="px-4 py-2.5">Titel</th>
-                  <th className="px-4 py-2.5">Typ</th>
-                  <th className="px-4 py-2.5">Gericht</th>
-                  <th className="px-4 py-2.5">Status</th>
-                  <th className="px-4 py-2.5">Erstellt</th>
-                </tr>
-              </thead>
-              <tbody className="divide-y divide-neutral-100">
-                {cases.map((c) => (
-                  <tr
-                    key={c.id}
-                    onClick={() => router.push(`/cases/${c.id}`)}
-                    className="cursor-pointer hover:bg-neutral-50"
-                  >
-                    <td className="px-4 py-2.5 font-medium text-neutral-900">
-                      {c.case_number}
-                    </td>
-                    <td className="px-4 py-2.5 text-neutral-700">{c.title}</td>
-                    <td className="px-4 py-2.5 text-neutral-500">
-                      {c.case_type ?? "-"}
-                    </td>
-                    <td className="px-4 py-2.5 text-neutral-500">
-                      {c.court ?? "-"}
-                    </td>
-                    <td className="px-4 py-2.5">
-                      <span
-                        className={`inline-block rounded-full px-2 py-0.5 text-xs font-medium ${STATUS_BADGE[c.status] ?? "bg-neutral-100 text-neutral-500"}`}
+          <div className="-mx-4 overflow-x-auto sm:mx-0">
+            <div className="min-w-[640px] sm:min-w-0">
+              <div className="overflow-hidden rounded-md border border-neutral-200 bg-white">
+                <table className="w-full text-sm">
+                  <thead>
+                    <tr className="border-b border-neutral-100 text-left text-xs font-medium uppercase tracking-wider text-neutral-400">
+                      <th className="px-4 py-2.5">Aktenzeichen</th>
+                      <th className="px-4 py-2.5">Titel</th>
+                      <th className="hidden px-4 py-2.5 md:table-cell">Typ</th>
+                      <th className="hidden px-4 py-2.5 lg:table-cell">
+                        Gericht
+                      </th>
+                      <th className="px-4 py-2.5">Status</th>
+                      <th className="hidden px-4 py-2.5 sm:table-cell">
+                        Erstellt
+                      </th>
+                    </tr>
+                  </thead>
+                  <tbody className="divide-y divide-neutral-100">
+                    {cases.map((c) => (
+                      <tr
+                        key={c.id}
+                        onClick={() => router.push(`/cases/${c.id}`)}
+                        className="cursor-pointer transition-colors hover:bg-neutral-50"
                       >
-                        {c.status}
-                      </span>
-                    </td>
-                    <td className="px-4 py-2.5 text-neutral-400">
-                      {new Date(c.created_at).toLocaleDateString("de-DE")}
-                    </td>
-                  </tr>
-                ))}
-              </tbody>
-            </table>
+                        <td className="whitespace-nowrap px-4 py-2.5 font-medium text-neutral-900">
+                          {c.case_number}
+                        </td>
+                        <td className="max-w-[200px] truncate px-4 py-2.5 text-neutral-700">
+                          {c.title}
+                        </td>
+                        <td className="hidden px-4 py-2.5 text-neutral-500 md:table-cell">
+                          {c.case_type ?? "-"}
+                        </td>
+                        <td className="hidden px-4 py-2.5 text-neutral-500 lg:table-cell">
+                          {c.court ?? "-"}
+                        </td>
+                        <td className="px-4 py-2.5">
+                          <span
+                            className={`inline-block rounded-full px-2 py-0.5 text-xs font-medium ${STATUS_BADGE[c.status] ?? "bg-neutral-100 text-neutral-500"}`}
+                          >
+                            {STATUS_LABEL[c.status] ?? c.status}
+                          </span>
+                        </td>
+                        <td className="hidden whitespace-nowrap px-4 py-2.5 text-neutral-400 sm:table-cell">
+                          {new Date(c.created_at).toLocaleDateString("de-DE")}
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                    ))}
+                  </tbody>
+                </table>
+              </div>
+            </div>
           </div>
         )}
       </div>

frontend/src/app/(app)/dashboard/page.tsx

@@ -8,35 +8,71 @@ import { CaseOverviewGrid } from "@/components/dashboard/CaseOverviewGrid";
 import { UpcomingTimeline } from "@/components/dashboard/UpcomingTimeline";
 import { AISummaryCard } from "@/components/dashboard/AISummaryCard";
 import { QuickActions } from "@/components/dashboard/QuickActions";
-import { Loader2 } from "lucide-react";
+import { Skeleton, SkeletonCard } from "@/components/ui/Skeleton";
+import { AlertTriangle, RefreshCw } from "lucide-react";
+
+function DashboardSkeleton() {
+  return (
+    <div className="mx-auto max-w-6xl space-y-6">
+      <div>
+        <Skeleton className="h-5 w-28" />
+        <Skeleton className="mt-2 h-3.5 w-52" />
+      </div>
+      <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 sm:grid-cols-3">
+        {[1, 2, 3].map((i) => (
+          <Skeleton key={i} className="h-28 rounded-xl" />
+        ))}
+      </div>
+      <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-6 lg:grid-cols-3">
+        <div className="lg:col-span-2">
+          <SkeletonCard className="min-h-[200px]" />
+        </div>
+        <div className="space-y-6">
+          <SkeletonCard />
+          <SkeletonCard />
+          <SkeletonCard />
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
 
 export default function DashboardPage() {
-  const { data, isLoading, error } = useQuery({
+  const { data, isLoading, error, refetch } = useQuery({
     queryKey: ["dashboard"],
     queryFn: () => api.get<DashboardData>("/dashboard"),
     refetchInterval: 60_000,
   });
 
   if (isLoading) {
-    return (
-      <div className="flex h-full items-center justify-center">
-        <Loader2 className="h-6 w-6 animate-spin text-neutral-400" />
-      </div>
-    );
+    return <DashboardSkeleton />;
   }
 
   if (error || !data) {
     return (
-      <div className="flex h-full items-center justify-center">
-        <p className="text-sm text-neutral-500">
-          Dashboard konnte nicht geladen werden.
+      <div className="mx-auto max-w-md py-16 text-center">
+        <div className="mx-auto mb-3 rounded-xl bg-red-50 p-3 w-fit">
+          <AlertTriangle className="h-6 w-6 text-red-500" />
+        </div>
+        <h2 className="text-sm font-medium text-neutral-900">
+          Dashboard konnte nicht geladen werden
+        </h2>
+        <p className="mt-1 text-sm text-neutral-500">
+          Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut oder prüfen Sie Ihre Verbindung.
         </p>
+        <button
+          onClick={() => refetch()}
+          className="mt-4 inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md bg-neutral-900 px-3 py-1.5 text-sm font-medium text-white transition-colors hover:bg-neutral-800"
+        >
+          <RefreshCw className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
+          Erneut laden
+        </button>
       </div>
     );
   }
 
   return (
-    <div className="mx-auto max-w-6xl space-y-6">
+    <div className="animate-fade-in mx-auto max-w-6xl space-y-6">
       <div>
         <h1 className="text-lg font-semibold text-neutral-900">Dashboard</h1>
         <p className="mt-0.5 text-sm text-neutral-500">
@@ -44,20 +80,15 @@ export default function DashboardPage() {
         </p>
       </div>
 
-      {/* Traffic Lights — the hero section */}
       <DeadlineTrafficLights data={data.deadline_summary} />
 
-      {/* Main content grid */}
       <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-6 lg:grid-cols-3">
-        {/* Left column: Timeline (takes 2 cols) */}
         <div className="lg:col-span-2">
           <UpcomingTimeline
             deadlines={data.upcoming_deadlines}
             appointments={data.upcoming_appointments}
           />
         </div>
-
-        {/* Right column: Case overview, AI summary, Quick actions */}
         <div className="space-y-6">
           <CaseOverviewGrid data={data.case_summary} />
           <AISummaryCard data={data} />

frontend/src/app/(app)/fristen/page.tsx

@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ export default function FristenPage() {
   });
 
   return (
-    <div className="space-y-4">
-      <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
+    <div className="animate-fade-in space-y-4">
+      <div className="flex flex-col gap-3 sm:flex-row sm:items-center sm:justify-between">
         <div>
           <h1 className="text-lg font-semibold text-neutral-900">Fristen</h1>
           <p className="mt-0.5 text-sm text-neutral-500">
-            Alle Fristen im Uberblick
+            Alle Fristen im Überblick
           </p>
         </div>
         <div className="flex items-center gap-2">

frontend/src/app/(app)/fristen/rechner/page.tsx

@@ -6,18 +6,20 @@ import Link from "next/link";
 
 export default function FristenrechnerPage() {
   return (
-    <div className="space-y-4">
+    <div className="animate-fade-in space-y-4">
       <div>
         <Link
           href="/fristen"
-          className="mb-2 inline-flex items-center gap-1 text-sm text-neutral-500 hover:text-neutral-700"
+          className="mb-2 inline-flex items-center gap-1 text-sm text-neutral-500 transition-colors hover:text-neutral-700"
         >
           <ArrowLeft className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
-          Zuruck zu Fristen
+          Zurück zu Fristen
         </Link>
-        <h1 className="text-lg font-semibold text-neutral-900">Fristenrechner</h1>
+        <h1 className="text-lg font-semibold text-neutral-900">
+          Fristenrechner
+        </h1>
         <p className="mt-0.5 text-sm text-neutral-500">
-          Berechnen Sie Fristen basierend auf Verfahrensart und Auslosedatum
+          Berechnen Sie Fristen basierend auf Verfahrensart und Auslösedatum
         </p>
       </div>
       <DeadlineCalculator />

frontend/src/app/(app)/layout.tsx

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ export default function AppLayout({
       <Sidebar />
       <div className="flex flex-1 flex-col overflow-hidden">
         <Header />
-        <main className="flex-1 overflow-y-auto p-6">{children}</main>
+        <main className="flex-1 overflow-y-auto p-4 sm:p-6">{children}</main>
       </div>
     </div>
   );