fix: critical security hardening — tenant isolation, CORS, error leaking, input validation

1. Tenant isolation bypass (CRITICAL): TenantResolver now verifies user
   has access to X-Tenant-ID via user_tenants lookup before setting context.
   Added VerifyAccess method to TenantLookup interface and TenantService.

2. Consolidated tenant resolution: Removed duplicate resolveTenant() from
   helpers.go and tenant resolution from auth middleware. TenantResolver is
   now the single source of truth. Deadlines and AI handlers use
   auth.TenantFromContext() instead of direct DB queries.

3. CalDAV credential masking: tenant settings responses now mask CalDAV
   passwords with "********" via maskSettingsPassword helper. Applied to
   GetTenant, ListTenants, and UpdateSettings responses.

4. CORS + security headers: New middleware/security.go with CORS
   (restricted to FRONTEND_ORIGIN) and security headers (X-Frame-Options,
   X-Content-Type-Options, HSTS, Referrer-Policy, X-XSS-Protection).

5. Internal error leaking: All writeError(w, 500, err.Error()) replaced
   with internalError() that logs via slog and returns generic "internal
   error" to client. Same for jsonError in tenant handler.

6. Input validation: Max length on title (500), description (10000),
   case_number (100), search (200). Pagination clamped to max 100.
   Content-Disposition filename sanitized against header injection.

Regression test added for tenant access denial (403 on unauthorized
X-Tenant-ID). All existing tests pass, go vet clean.

backend/internal/auth/middleware.go

@@ -24,28 +24,19 @@ func (m *Middleware) RequireAuth(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		token := extractBearerToken(r)
 		if token == "" {
-			http.Error(w, "missing authorization token", http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			http.Error(w, `{"error":"missing authorization token"}`, http.StatusUnauthorized)
 			return
 		}
 
 		userID, err := m.verifyJWT(token)
 		if err != nil {
-			http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("invalid token: %v", err), http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			http.Error(w, `{"error":"invalid token"}`, http.StatusUnauthorized)
 			return
 		}
 
 		ctx := ContextWithUserID(r.Context(), userID)
-
-		// Resolve tenant from user_tenants
-		var tenantID uuid.UUID
-		err = m.db.GetContext(r.Context(), &tenantID,
-			"SELECT tenant_id FROM user_tenants WHERE user_id = $1 LIMIT 1", userID)
-		if err != nil {
-			http.Error(w, "no tenant found for user", http.StatusForbidden)
-			return
-		}
-		ctx = ContextWithTenantID(ctx, tenantID)
-
+		// Tenant resolution is handled by TenantResolver middleware for scoped routes.
+		// Tenant management routes handle their own access control.
 		next.ServeHTTP(w, r.WithContext(ctx))
 	})
 }

backend/internal/auth/tenant_resolver.go

@@ -2,20 +2,21 @@ package auth
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net/http"
 
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 )
 
-// TenantLookup resolves the default tenant for a user.
+// TenantLookup resolves and verifies tenant access for a user.
 // Defined as an interface to avoid circular dependency with services.
 type TenantLookup interface {
 	FirstTenantForUser(ctx context.Context, userID uuid.UUID) (*uuid.UUID, error)
+	VerifyAccess(ctx context.Context, userID, tenantID uuid.UUID) (bool, error)
 }
 
 // TenantResolver is middleware that resolves the tenant from X-Tenant-ID header
-// or defaults to the user's first tenant.
+// or defaults to the user's first tenant. Always verifies user has access.
 type TenantResolver struct {
 	lookup TenantLookup
 }
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ func (tr *TenantResolver) Resolve(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		userID, ok := UserFromContext(r.Context())
 		if !ok {
-			http.Error(w, "unauthorized", http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			http.Error(w, `{"error":"unauthorized"}`, http.StatusUnauthorized)
 			return
 		}
 
@@ -37,19 +38,33 @@ func (tr *TenantResolver) Resolve(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		if header := r.Header.Get("X-Tenant-ID"); header != "" {
 			parsed, err := uuid.Parse(header)
 			if err != nil {
-				http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("invalid X-Tenant-ID: %v", err), http.StatusBadRequest)
+				http.Error(w, `{"error":"invalid X-Tenant-ID"}`, http.StatusBadRequest)
 				return
 			}
+
+			// Verify user has access to this tenant
+			hasAccess, err := tr.lookup.VerifyAccess(r.Context(), userID, parsed)
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.Error("tenant access check failed", "error", err, "user_id", userID, "tenant_id", parsed)
+				http.Error(w, `{"error":"internal error"}`, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+				return
+			}
+			if !hasAccess {
+				http.Error(w, `{"error":"no access to tenant"}`, http.StatusForbidden)
+				return
+			}
+
 			tenantID = parsed
 		} else {
 			// Default to user's first tenant
 			first, err := tr.lookup.FirstTenantForUser(r.Context(), userID)
 			if err != nil {
-				http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("resolving tenant: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+				slog.Error("failed to resolve default tenant", "error", err, "user_id", userID)
+				http.Error(w, `{"error":"internal error"}`, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 				return
 			}
 			if first == nil {
-				http.Error(w, "no tenant found for user", http.StatusBadRequest)
+				http.Error(w, `{"error":"no tenant found for user"}`, http.StatusBadRequest)
 				return
 			}
 			tenantID = *first

backend/internal/auth/tenant_resolver_test.go

@@ -12,15 +12,21 @@ import (
 type mockTenantLookup struct {
 	tenantID  *uuid.UUID
 	err       error
+	hasAccess bool
+	accessErr error
 }
 
 func (m *mockTenantLookup) FirstTenantForUser(ctx context.Context, userID uuid.UUID) (*uuid.UUID, error) {
 	return m.tenantID, m.err
 }
 
+func (m *mockTenantLookup) VerifyAccess(ctx context.Context, userID, tenantID uuid.UUID) (bool, error) {
+	return m.hasAccess, m.accessErr
+}
+
 func TestTenantResolver_FromHeader(t *testing.T) {
 	tenantID := uuid.New()
-	tr := NewTenantResolver(&mockTenantLookup{})
+	tr := NewTenantResolver(&mockTenantLookup{hasAccess: true})
 
 	var gotTenantID uuid.UUID
 	next := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -47,6 +53,26 @@ func TestTenantResolver_FromHeader(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestTenantResolver_FromHeader_NoAccess(t *testing.T) {
+	tenantID := uuid.New()
+	tr := NewTenantResolver(&mockTenantLookup{hasAccess: false})
+
+	next := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		t.Fatal("next should not be called")
+	})
+
+	r := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/api/cases", nil)
+	r.Header.Set("X-Tenant-ID", tenantID.String())
+	r = r.WithContext(ContextWithUserID(r.Context(), uuid.New()))
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	tr.Resolve(next).ServeHTTP(w, r)
+
+	if w.Code != http.StatusForbidden {
+		t.Errorf("expected 403, got %d", w.Code)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestTenantResolver_DefaultsToFirst(t *testing.T) {
 	tenantID := uuid.New()
 	tr := NewTenantResolver(&mockTenantLookup{tenantID: &tenantID})

backend/internal/config/config.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ type Config struct {
 	SupabaseServiceKey string
 	SupabaseJWTSecret string
 	AnthropicAPIKey   string
+	FrontendOrigin    string
 }
 
 func Load() (*Config, error) {
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ func Load() (*Config, error) {
 		SupabaseServiceKey: os.Getenv("SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY"),
 		SupabaseJWTSecret: os.Getenv("SUPABASE_JWT_SECRET"),
 		AnthropicAPIKey:  os.Getenv("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"),
+		FrontendOrigin:   getEnv("FRONTEND_ORIGIN", "https://kanzlai.msbls.de"),
 	}
 
 	if cfg.DatabaseURL == "" {

backend/internal/handlers/ai.go

@@ -5,18 +5,16 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 
-	"github.com/jmoiron/sqlx"
-
+	"mgit.msbls.de/m/KanzlAI-mGMT/internal/auth"
 	"mgit.msbls.de/m/KanzlAI-mGMT/internal/services"
 )
 
 type AIHandler struct {
 	ai *services.AIService
-	db *sqlx.DB
 }
 
-func NewAIHandler(ai *services.AIService, db *sqlx.DB) *AIHandler {
-	return &AIHandler{ai: ai, db: db}
+func NewAIHandler(ai *services.AIService) *AIHandler {
+	return &AIHandler{ai: ai}
 }
 
 // ExtractDeadlines handles POST /api/ai/extract-deadlines
@@ -61,10 +59,14 @@ func (h *AIHandler) ExtractDeadlines(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "provide either a PDF file or text")
 		return
 	}
+	if len(text) > maxDescriptionLen {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "text exceeds maximum length")
+		return
+	}
 
 	deadlines, err := h.ai.ExtractDeadlines(r.Context(), pdfData, text)
 	if err != nil {
-		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "AI extraction failed: "+err.Error())
+		internalError(w, "AI deadline extraction failed", err)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -77,9 +79,9 @@ func (h *AIHandler) ExtractDeadlines(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 // SummarizeCase handles POST /api/ai/summarize-case
 // Accepts JSON {"case_id": "uuid"}.
 func (h *AIHandler) SummarizeCase(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	tenantID, err := resolveTenant(r, h.db)
-	if err != nil {
-		handleTenantError(w, err)
+	tenantID, ok := auth.TenantFromContext(r.Context())
+	if !ok {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusForbidden, "missing tenant")
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@ func (h *AIHandler) SummarizeCase(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	summary, err := h.ai.SummarizeCase(r.Context(), tenantID, caseID)
 	if err != nil {
-		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "AI summarization failed: "+err.Error())
+		internalError(w, "AI case summarization failed", err)
 		return
 	}
 

backend/internal/handlers/ai_handler_test.go

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func TestAIExtractDeadlines_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestAISummarizeCase_MissingCaseID(t *testing.T) {
+func TestAISummarizeCase_MissingTenant(t *testing.T) {
 	h := &AIHandler{}
 
 	body := `{"case_id":""}`
@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ func TestAISummarizeCase_MissingCaseID(t *testing.T) {
 
 	h.SummarizeCase(w, r)
 
-	// Without auth context, the resolveTenant will fail first
-	if w.Code != http.StatusUnauthorized {
-		t.Errorf("expected 401, got %d", w.Code)
+	// Without tenant context, TenantFromContext returns !ok → 403
+	if w.Code != http.StatusForbidden {
+		t.Errorf("expected 403, got %d", w.Code)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ func TestAISummarizeCase_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
 
 	h.SummarizeCase(w, r)
 
-	// Without auth context, the resolveTenant will fail first
-	if w.Code != http.StatusUnauthorized {
-		t.Errorf("expected 401, got %d", w.Code)
+	// Without tenant context, TenantFromContext returns !ok → 403
+	if w.Code != http.StatusForbidden {
+		t.Errorf("expected 403, got %d", w.Code)
 	}
 }

backend/internal/handlers/appointments.go

@@ -121,6 +121,10 @@ func (h *AppointmentHandler) Create(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "title is required")
 		return
 	}
+	if msg := validateStringLength("title", req.Title, maxTitleLen); msg != "" {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, msg)
+		return
+	}
 	if req.StartAt.IsZero() {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "start_at is required")
 		return
@@ -188,6 +192,10 @@ func (h *AppointmentHandler) Update(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "title is required")
 		return
 	}
+	if msg := validateStringLength("title", req.Title, maxTitleLen); msg != "" {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, msg)
+		return
+	}
 	if req.StartAt.IsZero() {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "start_at is required")
 		return

backend/internal/handlers/caldav.go

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ func (h *CalDAVHandler) TriggerSync(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	cfg, err := h.svc.LoadTenantConfig(tenantID)
 	if err != nil {
-		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, err.Error())
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "CalDAV not configured for this tenant")
 		return
 	}
 

backend/internal/handlers/cases.go

@@ -28,18 +28,25 @@ func (h *CaseHandler) List(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	limit, _ := strconv.Atoi(r.URL.Query().Get("limit"))
 	offset, _ := strconv.Atoi(r.URL.Query().Get("offset"))
+	limit, offset = clampPagination(limit, offset)
+
+	search := r.URL.Query().Get("search")
+	if msg := validateStringLength("search", search, maxSearchLen); msg != "" {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, msg)
+		return
+	}
 
 	filter := services.CaseFilter{
 		Status: r.URL.Query().Get("status"),
 		Type:   r.URL.Query().Get("type"),
-		Search: r.URL.Query().Get("search"),
+		Search: search,
 		Limit:  limit,
 		Offset: offset,
 	}
 
 	cases, total, err := h.svc.List(r.Context(), tenantID, filter)
 	if err != nil {
-		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
+		internalError(w, "failed to list cases", err)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -66,10 +73,18 @@ func (h *CaseHandler) Create(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "case_number and title are required")
 		return
 	}
+	if msg := validateStringLength("case_number", input.CaseNumber, maxCaseNumberLen); msg != "" {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, msg)
+		return
+	}
+	if msg := validateStringLength("title", input.Title, maxTitleLen); msg != "" {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, msg)
+		return
+	}
 
 	c, err := h.svc.Create(r.Context(), tenantID, userID, input)
 	if err != nil {
-		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
+		internalError(w, "failed to create case", err)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -91,7 +106,7 @@ func (h *CaseHandler) Get(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	detail, err := h.svc.GetByID(r.Context(), tenantID, caseID)
 	if err != nil {
-		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
+		internalError(w, "failed to get case", err)
 		return
 	}
 	if detail == nil {
@@ -121,10 +136,22 @@ func (h *CaseHandler) Update(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid JSON body")
 		return
 	}
+	if input.Title != nil {
+		if msg := validateStringLength("title", *input.Title, maxTitleLen); msg != "" {
+			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, msg)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	if input.CaseNumber != nil {
+		if msg := validateStringLength("case_number", *input.CaseNumber, maxCaseNumberLen); msg != "" {
+			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, msg)
+			return
+		}
+	}
 
 	updated, err := h.svc.Update(r.Context(), tenantID, caseID, userID, input)
 	if err != nil {
-		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
+		internalError(w, "failed to update case", err)
 		return
 	}
 	if updated == nil {

backend/internal/handlers/dashboard.go

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ func (h *DashboardHandler) Get(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	data, err := h.svc.Get(r.Context(), tenantID)
 	if err != nil {
-		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
+		internalError(w, "failed to load dashboard", err)
 		return
 	}
 

backend/internal/handlers/deadlines.go

@@ -4,27 +4,25 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"net/http"
 
-	"github.com/jmoiron/sqlx"
-
+	"mgit.msbls.de/m/KanzlAI-mGMT/internal/auth"
 	"mgit.msbls.de/m/KanzlAI-mGMT/internal/services"
 )
 
 // DeadlineHandlers holds handlers for deadline CRUD endpoints
 type DeadlineHandlers struct {
 	deadlines *services.DeadlineService
-	db        *sqlx.DB
 }
 
 // NewDeadlineHandlers creates deadline handlers
-func NewDeadlineHandlers(ds *services.DeadlineService, db *sqlx.DB) *DeadlineHandlers {
-	return &DeadlineHandlers{deadlines: ds, db: db}
+func NewDeadlineHandlers(ds *services.DeadlineService) *DeadlineHandlers {
+	return &DeadlineHandlers{deadlines: ds}
 }
 
 // Get handles GET /api/deadlines/{deadlineID}
 func (h *DeadlineHandlers) Get(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	tenantID, err := resolveTenant(r, h.db)
-	if err != nil {
-		handleTenantError(w, err)
+	tenantID, ok := auth.TenantFromContext(r.Context())
+	if !ok {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusForbidden, "missing tenant")
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -36,7 +34,7 @@ func (h *DeadlineHandlers) Get(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	deadline, err := h.deadlines.GetByID(tenantID, deadlineID)
 	if err != nil {
-		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "failed to fetch deadline")
+		internalError(w, "failed to fetch deadline", err)
 		return
 	}
 	if deadline == nil {
@@ -49,15 +47,15 @@ func (h *DeadlineHandlers) Get(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 // ListAll handles GET /api/deadlines
 func (h *DeadlineHandlers) ListAll(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	tenantID, err := resolveTenant(r, h.db)
-	if err != nil {
-		handleTenantError(w, err)
+	tenantID, ok := auth.TenantFromContext(r.Context())
+	if !ok {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusForbidden, "missing tenant")
 		return
 	}
 
 	deadlines, err := h.deadlines.ListAll(tenantID)
 	if err != nil {
-		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "failed to list deadlines")
+		internalError(w, "failed to list deadlines", err)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -66,9 +64,9 @@ func (h *DeadlineHandlers) ListAll(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 // ListForCase handles GET /api/cases/{caseID}/deadlines
 func (h *DeadlineHandlers) ListForCase(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	tenantID, err := resolveTenant(r, h.db)
-	if err != nil {
-		handleTenantError(w, err)
+	tenantID, ok := auth.TenantFromContext(r.Context())
+	if !ok {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusForbidden, "missing tenant")
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -80,7 +78,7 @@ func (h *DeadlineHandlers) ListForCase(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	deadlines, err := h.deadlines.ListForCase(tenantID, caseID)
 	if err != nil {
-		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "failed to list deadlines")
+		internalError(w, "failed to list deadlines for case", err)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -89,9 +87,9 @@ func (h *DeadlineHandlers) ListForCase(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 // Create handles POST /api/cases/{caseID}/deadlines
 func (h *DeadlineHandlers) Create(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	tenantID, err := resolveTenant(r, h.db)
-	if err != nil {
-		handleTenantError(w, err)
+	tenantID, ok := auth.TenantFromContext(r.Context())
+	if !ok {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusForbidden, "missing tenant")
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -112,10 +110,14 @@ func (h *DeadlineHandlers) Create(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "title and due_date are required")
 		return
 	}
+	if msg := validateStringLength("title", input.Title, maxTitleLen); msg != "" {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, msg)
+		return
+	}
 
 	deadline, err := h.deadlines.Create(tenantID, input)
 	if err != nil {
-		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "failed to create deadline")
+		internalError(w, "failed to create deadline", err)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -124,9 +126,9 @@ func (h *DeadlineHandlers) Create(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 // Update handles PUT /api/deadlines/{deadlineID}
 func (h *DeadlineHandlers) Update(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	tenantID, err := resolveTenant(r, h.db)
-	if err != nil {
-		handleTenantError(w, err)
+	tenantID, ok := auth.TenantFromContext(r.Context())
+	if !ok {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusForbidden, "missing tenant")
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -144,7 +146,7 @@ func (h *DeadlineHandlers) Update(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	deadline, err := h.deadlines.Update(tenantID, deadlineID, input)
 	if err != nil {
-		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "failed to update deadline")
+		internalError(w, "failed to update deadline", err)
 		return
 	}
 	if deadline == nil {
@@ -157,9 +159,9 @@ func (h *DeadlineHandlers) Update(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 // Complete handles PATCH /api/deadlines/{deadlineID}/complete
 func (h *DeadlineHandlers) Complete(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	tenantID, err := resolveTenant(r, h.db)
-	if err != nil {
-		handleTenantError(w, err)
+	tenantID, ok := auth.TenantFromContext(r.Context())
+	if !ok {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusForbidden, "missing tenant")
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -171,7 +173,7 @@ func (h *DeadlineHandlers) Complete(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	deadline, err := h.deadlines.Complete(tenantID, deadlineID)
 	if err != nil {
-		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "failed to complete deadline")
+		internalError(w, "failed to complete deadline", err)
 		return
 	}
 	if deadline == nil {
@@ -184,9 +186,9 @@ func (h *DeadlineHandlers) Complete(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 // Delete handles DELETE /api/deadlines/{deadlineID}
 func (h *DeadlineHandlers) Delete(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	tenantID, err := resolveTenant(r, h.db)
-	if err != nil {
-		handleTenantError(w, err)
+	tenantID, ok := auth.TenantFromContext(r.Context())
+	if !ok {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusForbidden, "missing tenant")
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -196,9 +198,8 @@ func (h *DeadlineHandlers) Delete(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	err = h.deadlines.Delete(tenantID, deadlineID)
-	if err != nil {
-		writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, err.Error())
+	if err := h.deadlines.Delete(tenantID, deadlineID); err != nil {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "deadline not found")
 		return
 	}
 

backend/internal/handlers/documents.go

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func (h *DocumentHandler) ListByCase(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	docs, err := h.svc.ListByCase(r.Context(), tenantID, caseID)
 	if err != nil {
-		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
+		internalError(w, "failed to list documents", err)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ func (h *DocumentHandler) Upload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "case not found")
 			return
 		}
-		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
+		internalError(w, "failed to upload document", err)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -121,16 +121,16 @@ func (h *DocumentHandler) Download(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	body, contentType, title, err := h.svc.Download(r.Context(), tenantID, docID)
 	if err != nil {
 		if err.Error() == "document not found" || err.Error() == "document has no file" {
-			writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, err.Error())
+			writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "document not found")
 			return
 		}
-		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
+		internalError(w, "failed to download document", err)
 		return
 	}
 	defer body.Close()
 
 	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", contentType)
-	w.Header().Set("Content-Disposition", fmt.Sprintf(`attachment; filename="%s"`, title))
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Disposition", fmt.Sprintf(`attachment; filename="%s"`, sanitizeFilename(title)))
 	io.Copy(w, body)
 }
 
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ func (h *DocumentHandler) GetMeta(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	doc, err := h.svc.GetByID(r.Context(), tenantID, docID)
 	if err != nil {
-		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
+		internalError(w, "failed to get document metadata", err)
 		return
 	}
 	if doc == nil {

backend/internal/handlers/helpers.go

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ package handlers
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode/utf8"
 
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
-	"github.com/jmoiron/sqlx"
-
-	"mgit.msbls.de/m/KanzlAI-mGMT/internal/auth"
 )
 
 func writeJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, status int, v any) {
@@ -20,62 +20,9 @@ func writeError(w http.ResponseWriter, status int, msg string) {
 	writeJSON(w, status, map[string]string{"error": msg})
 }
 
-// resolveTenant gets the tenant ID for the authenticated user.
-// Checks X-Tenant-ID header first, then falls back to user's first tenant.
-func resolveTenant(r *http.Request, db *sqlx.DB) (uuid.UUID, error) {
-	userID, ok := auth.UserFromContext(r.Context())
-	if !ok {
-		return uuid.Nil, errUnauthorized
-	}
-
-	// Check header first
-	if headerVal := r.Header.Get("X-Tenant-ID"); headerVal != "" {
-		tenantID, err := uuid.Parse(headerVal)
-		if err != nil {
-			return uuid.Nil, errInvalidTenant
-		}
-		// Verify user has access to this tenant
-		var count int
-		err = db.Get(&count,
-			`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM user_tenants WHERE user_id = $1 AND tenant_id = $2`,
-			userID, tenantID)
-		if err != nil || count == 0 {
-			return uuid.Nil, errTenantAccess
-		}
-		return tenantID, nil
-	}
-
-	// Fall back to user's first tenant
-	var tenantID uuid.UUID
-	err := db.Get(&tenantID,
-		`SELECT tenant_id FROM user_tenants WHERE user_id = $1 ORDER BY created_at LIMIT 1`,
-		userID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return uuid.Nil, errNoTenant
-	}
-	return tenantID, nil
-}
-
-type apiError struct {
-	msg    string
-	status int
-}
-
-func (e *apiError) Error() string { return e.msg }
-
-var (
-	errUnauthorized = &apiError{msg: "unauthorized", status: http.StatusUnauthorized}
-	errInvalidTenant = &apiError{msg: "invalid tenant ID", status: http.StatusBadRequest}
-	errTenantAccess  = &apiError{msg: "no access to tenant", status: http.StatusForbidden}
-	errNoTenant      = &apiError{msg: "no tenant found for user", status: http.StatusBadRequest}
-)
-
-// handleTenantError writes the appropriate error response for tenant resolution errors
-func handleTenantError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
-	if ae, ok := err.(*apiError); ok {
-		writeError(w, ae.status, ae.msg)
-		return
-	}
+// internalError logs the real error and returns a generic message to the client.
+func internalError(w http.ResponseWriter, msg string, err error) {
+	slog.Error(msg, "error", err)
 	writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "internal error")
 }
 
@@ -88,3 +35,74 @@ func parsePathUUID(r *http.Request, key string) (uuid.UUID, error) {
 func parseUUID(s string) (uuid.UUID, error) {
 	return uuid.Parse(s)
 }
+
+// --- Input validation helpers ---
+
+const (
+	maxTitleLen       = 500
+	maxDescriptionLen = 10000
+	maxCaseNumberLen  = 100
+	maxSearchLen      = 200
+	maxPaginationLimit = 100
+)
+
+// validateStringLength checks if a string exceeds the given max length.
+func validateStringLength(field, value string, maxLen int) string {
+	if utf8.RuneCountInString(value) > maxLen {
+		return field + " exceeds maximum length"
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// clampPagination enforces sane pagination defaults and limits.
+func clampPagination(limit, offset int) (int, int) {
+	if limit <= 0 {
+		limit = 20
+	}
+	if limit > maxPaginationLimit {
+		limit = maxPaginationLimit
+	}
+	if offset < 0 {
+		offset = 0
+	}
+	return limit, offset
+}
+
+// sanitizeFilename removes characters unsafe for Content-Disposition headers.
+func sanitizeFilename(name string) string {
+	// Remove control characters, quotes, and backslashes
+	var b strings.Builder
+	for _, r := range name {
+		if r < 32 || r == '"' || r == '\\' || r == '/' {
+			b.WriteRune('_')
+		} else {
+			b.WriteRune(r)
+		}
+	}
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+// maskSettingsPassword masks the CalDAV password in tenant settings JSON before returning to clients.
+func maskSettingsPassword(settings json.RawMessage) json.RawMessage {
+	if len(settings) == 0 {
+		return settings
+	}
+	var m map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(settings, &m); err != nil {
+		return settings
+	}
+	caldavRaw, ok := m["caldav"]
+	if !ok {
+		return settings
+	}
+	var caldav map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(caldavRaw, &caldav); err != nil {
+		return settings
+	}
+	if _, ok := caldav["password"]; ok {
+		caldav["password"], _ = json.Marshal("********")
+	}
+	m["caldav"], _ = json.Marshal(caldav)
+	result, _ := json.Marshal(m)
+	return result
+}

backend/internal/handlers/notes.go

@@ -60,6 +60,10 @@ func (h *NoteHandler) Create(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "content is required")
 		return
 	}
+	if msg := validateStringLength("content", input.Content, maxDescriptionLen); msg != "" {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, msg)
+		return
+	}
 
 	var createdBy *uuid.UUID
 	if userID != uuid.Nil {
@@ -100,6 +104,10 @@ func (h *NoteHandler) Update(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "content is required")
 		return
 	}
+	if msg := validateStringLength("content", req.Content, maxDescriptionLen); msg != "" {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, msg)
+		return
+	}
 
 	note, err := h.svc.Update(r.Context(), tenantID, noteID, req.Content)
 	if err != nil {

backend/internal/handlers/parties.go

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func (h *PartyHandler) List(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	parties, err := h.svc.ListByCase(r.Context(), tenantID, caseID)
 	if err != nil {
-		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
+		internalError(w, "failed to list parties", err)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -67,13 +67,18 @@ func (h *PartyHandler) Create(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	if msg := validateStringLength("name", input.Name, maxTitleLen); msg != "" {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, msg)
+		return
+	}
+
 	party, err := h.svc.Create(r.Context(), tenantID, caseID, userID, input)
 	if err != nil {
 		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
 			writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "case not found")
 			return
 		}
-		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
+		internalError(w, "failed to create party", err)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -101,7 +106,7 @@ func (h *PartyHandler) Update(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	updated, err := h.svc.Update(r.Context(), tenantID, partyID, input)
 	if err != nil {
-		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
+		internalError(w, "failed to update party", err)
 		return
 	}
 	if updated == nil {

backend/internal/handlers/tenant_handler.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package handlers
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net/http"
 
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
@@ -41,7 +42,8 @@ func (h *TenantHandler) CreateTenant(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	tenant, err := h.svc.Create(r.Context(), userID, req.Name, req.Slug)
 	if err != nil {
-		jsonError(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		slog.Error("failed to create tenant", "error", err)
+		jsonError(w, "internal error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -58,10 +60,16 @@ func (h *TenantHandler) ListTenants(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	tenants, err := h.svc.ListForUser(r.Context(), userID)
 	if err != nil {
-		jsonError(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		slog.Error("failed to list tenants", "error", err)
+		jsonError(w, "internal error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		return
 	}
 
+	// Mask CalDAV passwords in tenant settings
+	for i := range tenants {
+		tenants[i].Settings = maskSettingsPassword(tenants[i].Settings)
+	}
+
 	jsonResponse(w, tenants, http.StatusOK)
 }
 
@@ -82,7 +90,8 @@ func (h *TenantHandler) GetTenant(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// Verify user has access to this tenant
 	role, err := h.svc.GetUserRole(r.Context(), userID, tenantID)
 	if err != nil {
-		jsonError(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		slog.Error("failed to get user role", "error", err)
+		jsonError(w, "internal error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		return
 	}
 	if role == "" {
@@ -92,7 +101,8 @@ func (h *TenantHandler) GetTenant(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	tenant, err := h.svc.GetByID(r.Context(), tenantID)
 	if err != nil {
-		jsonError(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		slog.Error("failed to get tenant", "error", err)
+		jsonError(w, "internal error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		return
 	}
 	if tenant == nil {
@@ -100,6 +110,9 @@ func (h *TenantHandler) GetTenant(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// Mask CalDAV password before returning
+	tenant.Settings = maskSettingsPassword(tenant.Settings)
+
 	jsonResponse(w, tenant, http.StatusOK)
 }
 
@@ -120,7 +133,8 @@ func (h *TenantHandler) InviteUser(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// Only owners and admins can invite
 	role, err := h.svc.GetUserRole(r.Context(), userID, tenantID)
 	if err != nil {
-		jsonError(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		slog.Error("failed to get user role", "error", err)
+		jsonError(w, "internal error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		return
 	}
 	if role != "owner" && role != "admin" {
@@ -150,7 +164,8 @@ func (h *TenantHandler) InviteUser(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	ut, err := h.svc.InviteByEmail(r.Context(), tenantID, req.Email, req.Role)
 	if err != nil {
-		jsonError(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		// These are user-facing validation errors (user not found, already member)
+		jsonError(w, "failed to invite user", http.StatusBadRequest)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -180,7 +195,8 @@ func (h *TenantHandler) RemoveMember(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// Only owners and admins can remove members (or user removing themselves)
 	role, err := h.svc.GetUserRole(r.Context(), userID, tenantID)
 	if err != nil {
-		jsonError(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		slog.Error("failed to get user role", "error", err)
+		jsonError(w, "internal error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		return
 	}
 	if role != "owner" && role != "admin" && userID != memberID {
@@ -189,7 +205,8 @@ func (h *TenantHandler) RemoveMember(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	}
 
 	if err := h.svc.RemoveMember(r.Context(), tenantID, memberID); err != nil {
-		jsonError(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		// These are user-facing validation errors (not a member, last owner, etc.)
+		jsonError(w, "failed to remove member", http.StatusBadRequest)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -213,7 +230,8 @@ func (h *TenantHandler) UpdateSettings(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// Only owners and admins can update settings
 	role, err := h.svc.GetUserRole(r.Context(), userID, tenantID)
 	if err != nil {
-		jsonError(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		slog.Error("failed to get user role", "error", err)
+		jsonError(w, "internal error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		return
 	}
 	if role != "owner" && role != "admin" {
@@ -229,10 +247,14 @@ func (h *TenantHandler) UpdateSettings(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	tenant, err := h.svc.UpdateSettings(r.Context(), tenantID, settings)
 	if err != nil {
-		jsonError(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		slog.Error("failed to update settings", "error", err)
+		jsonError(w, "internal error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		return
 	}
 
+	// Mask CalDAV password before returning
+	tenant.Settings = maskSettingsPassword(tenant.Settings)
+
 	jsonResponse(w, tenant, http.StatusOK)
 }
 
@@ -253,7 +275,8 @@ func (h *TenantHandler) ListMembers(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// Verify user has access
 	role, err := h.svc.GetUserRole(r.Context(), userID, tenantID)
 	if err != nil {
-		jsonError(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		slog.Error("failed to get user role", "error", err)
+		jsonError(w, "internal error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		return
 	}
 	if role == "" {
@@ -263,7 +286,8 @@ func (h *TenantHandler) ListMembers(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	members, err := h.svc.ListMembers(r.Context(), tenantID)
 	if err != nil {
-		jsonError(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		slog.Error("failed to list members", "error", err)
+		jsonError(w, "internal error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		return
 	}
 

backend/internal/middleware/security.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// SecurityHeaders adds standard security headers to all responses.
+func SecurityHeaders(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("X-Frame-Options", "DENY")
+		w.Header().Set("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff")
+		w.Header().Set("X-XSS-Protection", "1; mode=block")
+		w.Header().Set("Strict-Transport-Security", "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains")
+		w.Header().Set("Referrer-Policy", "strict-origin-when-cross-origin")
+		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	})
+}
+
+// CORS returns middleware that restricts cross-origin requests to the given origin.
+// If allowedOrigin is empty, CORS headers are not set (same-origin only).
+func CORS(allowedOrigin string) func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			origin := r.Header.Get("Origin")
+
+			if allowedOrigin != "" && origin != "" && matchOrigin(origin, allowedOrigin) {
+				w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", allowedOrigin)
+				w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, OPTIONS")
+				w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type, Authorization, X-Tenant-ID")
+				w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Max-Age", "86400")
+				w.Header().Set("Vary", "Origin")
+			}
+
+			// Handle preflight
+			if r.Method == http.MethodOptions {
+				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
+				return
+			}
+
+			next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// matchOrigin checks if the request origin matches the allowed origin.
+func matchOrigin(origin, allowed string) bool {
+	return strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimRight(origin, "/"), strings.TrimRight(allowed, "/"))
+}

backend/internal/router/router.go

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func New(db *sqlx.DB, authMW *auth.Middleware, cfg *config.Config, calDAVSvc *se
 	var aiH *handlers.AIHandler
 	if cfg.AnthropicAPIKey != "" {
 		aiSvc := services.NewAIService(cfg.AnthropicAPIKey, db)
-		aiH = handlers.NewAIHandler(aiSvc, db)
+		aiH = handlers.NewAIHandler(aiSvc)
 	}
 
 	// Middleware
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ func New(db *sqlx.DB, authMW *auth.Middleware, cfg *config.Config, calDAVSvc *se
 	caseH := handlers.NewCaseHandler(caseSvc)
 	partyH := handlers.NewPartyHandler(partySvc)
 	apptH := handlers.NewAppointmentHandler(appointmentSvc)
-	deadlineH := handlers.NewDeadlineHandlers(deadlineSvc, db)
+	deadlineH := handlers.NewDeadlineHandlers(deadlineSvc)
 	ruleH := handlers.NewDeadlineRuleHandlers(deadlineRuleSvc)
 	calcH := handlers.NewCalculateHandlers(calculator, deadlineRuleSvc)
 	dashboardH := handlers.NewDashboardHandler(dashboardSvc)
@@ -149,14 +149,20 @@ func New(db *sqlx.DB, authMW *auth.Middleware, cfg *config.Config, calDAVSvc *se
 
 	mux.Handle("/api/", authMW.RequireAuth(api))
 
-	return requestLogger(mux)
+	// Apply security middleware stack: CORS -> Security Headers -> Request Logger -> Routes
+	var handler http.Handler = mux
+	handler = requestLogger(handler)
+	handler = middleware.SecurityHeaders(handler)
+	handler = middleware.CORS(cfg.FrontendOrigin)(handler)
+
+	return handler
 }
 
 func handleHealth(db *sqlx.DB) http.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		if err := db.Ping(); err != nil {
 			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
-			json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]string{"status": "error", "error": err.Error()})
+			json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]string{"status": "error"})
 			return
 		}
 		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
@@ -194,4 +200,3 @@ func requestLogger(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		)
 	})
 }
-

backend/internal/services/tenant_service.go

@@ -101,6 +101,19 @@ func (s *TenantService) GetUserRole(ctx context.Context, userID, tenantID uuid.U
 	return role, nil
 }
 
+// VerifyAccess checks if a user has access to a given tenant.
+func (s *TenantService) VerifyAccess(ctx context.Context, userID, tenantID uuid.UUID) (bool, error) {
+	var exists bool
+	err := s.db.GetContext(ctx, &exists,
+		`SELECT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM user_tenants WHERE user_id = $1 AND tenant_id = $2)`,
+		userID, tenantID,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("verify tenant access: %w", err)
+	}
+	return exists, nil
+}
+
 // FirstTenantForUser returns the user's first tenant (by name), used as default.
 func (s *TenantService) FirstTenantForUser(ctx context.Context, userID uuid.UUID) (*uuid.UUID, error) {
 	var tenantID uuid.UUID